Please mute or block this robot if the large volume of psychology & health research-related posts irritates you.
.
This bot will be put back on limited status on Tues April 9th. Distributing it more widely for a few days so people can see and decide if they want to follow it.
DATE:
April 09, 2024 at 08:54PM
.
TITLE:
Altered Neural Activity during Negative Reinforcement in People with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
.
URL: https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10608-024-10475-z/
.
<h3 class="a-plus-plus">Abstract</h3>
<p> <span class="a-plus-plus abstract-section id-a-sec1"></p>
<h3 class="a-plus-plus">Background</h3>
<p class="a-plus-plus">Compulsive behaviors in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) are posited to be negatively reinforced via short-term negation of distress-inducing triggers, but neural activity during negative reinforcement in the context of OCD remains poorly understood.</p>
<p> </span><br />
<span class="a-plus-plus abstract-section id-a-sec2"></p>
<h3 class="a-plus-plus">Methods</h3>
<p class="a-plus-plus">In 18 people with OCD and 16 healthy matched comparison subjects completing functional MRI, we tested the effect of a novel negative reinforcement behavioral paradigm. Three visual stimulus types (Compulsion-Related, Negative, Neutral) were displayed in the scanner and removed by participants pressing a button, yielding two analysis epochs: image presentation and image removal.</p>
<p> </span><br />
<span class="a-plus-plus abstract-section id-a-sec3"></p>
<h3 class="a-plus-plus">Results</h3>
<p class="a-plus-plus">OCD patients showed a larger increase in medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC; BA11) activation after image removal that was specific to compulsion-related images. People with OCD also showed altered patterns of deactivation following compulsion-related and negative image removal in the right and left amygdala, respectively. People with OCD also showed larger deactivations in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) after removal of all image types, and increased overall activation to negative images in the right nucleus accumbens (NAcc).</p>
<p> </span><br />
<span class="a-plus-plus abstract-section id-a-sec4"></p>
<h3 class="a-plus-plus">Conclusion</h3>
<p class="a-plus-plus">We provide initial data demonstrating altered neural activity during negative reinforcement in OCD patients, providing empirical support for dominant behavioral models emphasizing the role of negative reinforcement in etiology and maintenance of pathological compulsive behaviors.</p>
<p> </span></p>
<p><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10608-024-10475-z?error=cookies_not_supported&code=414c2e50-418b-4e88-8a16-1f745222aad5" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s10608-024-10475-z/">Altered Neural Activity during Negative Reinforcement in People with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
Please mute or block this robot if the large volume of psychology & health research-related posts irritates you.
.
This bot will be put back on limited status on Tues April 9th. Distributing it more widely for a few days so people can see and decide if they want to follow it.
DATE:
April 09, 2024 at 07:09PM
.
TITLE:
Development of an action programme tackling obesity-related behaviours in adolescents: a participatory system dynamics approach
.
URL: https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12961-024-01116-8/
.
<p>System dynamics approaches are increasingly addressing the complexity of public health problems such as childhood overweight and obesity. These approaches often use system mapping methods, such as the construc…</p>
<p><a href="https://health-policy-systems.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12961-024-01116-8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/s12961-024-01116-8/">Development of an action programme tackling obesity-related behaviours in adolescents: a participatory system dynamics approach</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
Please mute or block this robot if the large volume of psychology & health research-related posts irritates you.
.
This bot will be put back on limited status on Tues April 9th. Distributing it more widely for a few days so people can see and decide if they want to follow it.
DATE:
April 09, 2024 at 05:51PM
.
TITLE:
An analysis of the contents of the young‐onset dementia helpline: profiles of clients who consulted the helpline themselves
.
URL: https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/psyg-13105/
.
<h2>Abstract</h2>
<h2>Background</h2>
<p>Young-onset dementia (YOD) community care requires personalised approaches. Yet, the specific details of YOD consultations are unclear. This study explored how initial consultations correlate with client profiles.</p>
<h2>Methods</h2>
<p>Data from regional YOD helplines were used to analyze the main characteristics of people living with YOD or who had concerns about the possibility of YOD (<i>n</i> = 132). Among several categorical variables, the following were used for analysis: age group, sex, type of living arrangement, employment status, presence of dementia, and content of the consultation. To identify groups of items that frequently occur together, strongly connected rules were identified using association rule analysis with the a priori algorithm. To focus on the characteristics of clients, rules related to client characteristics were extracted based on the type of consultation.</p>
<h2>Results</h2>
<p>A total of 51 rules were identified for the consultations. These rules fell into two categories: (1) consultations for medical matters, which mainly involved employed individuals with undiagnosed dementia, and (2) other consultations on daily life or work, which mainly involved individuals diagnosed with dementia and were characterised by the influence of sex. These rules indicate the importance of medical involvement in confirming the diagnosis and specific individualised care following diagnosis for people living with YOD.</p>
<h2>Conclusion</h2>
<p>Clients with or without a dementia diagnosis were consulted differently in the YOD helplines. Before receiving a diagnosis, medical matters were the main theme of consultations, whereas after receiving a diagnosis, adjustments to daily life or work were the main themes. The results of this study suggest that the needs of people living with YOD and the services they require may vary depending on their backgrounds.</p>
<p><a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/psyg.13105?af=R" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/psyg-13105/">An analysis of the contents of the young‐onset dementia helpline: profiles of clients who consulted the helpline themselves</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
Please mute or block this robot if the large volume of psychology & health research-related posts irritates you.
.
This bot will be put back on limited status on Tues April 9th. Distributing it more widely for a few days so people can see and decide if they want to follow it.
DATE:
April 09, 2024 at 05:23PM
.
TITLE:
Sounds boring: the causal effect of boredom on self-administration of aversive stimuli in the presence of a positive alternative
.
URL: https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s11031-023-10053-y/
.
<h3 class="a-plus-plus">Abstract</h3>
<p class="a-plus-plus">Previous studies demonstrated that boredom leads to increased self-administration of painful electric stimulation, a proxy for non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, in these experimental studies, participants had no behavioral alternatives besides electric stimulation to break the monotony. A first aim in the current experimental study was to examine whether boredom still leads to self-administering aversive stimuli when positive behavioral alternatives are present. This boredom effect was furthermore compared to an anger induction. The second aim was to examine whether history of NSSI and negative urgency (i.e., the tendency to engage in impulsive action in response to negative emotions) positively moderate the link between boredom and self-administered aversive stimuli. In a between-subjects design using college students (N = 129), participants were randomly assigned to one of three emotion induction writing tasks (i.e., boredom, anger, neutral), during which frequency of self-administered positive (chirping birds) and aversive (screaming pig) sounds was measured. The latter was used as a proxy for NSSI behavior. Results showed that boredom led to increased selection of aversive sounds compared to the neutral and anger conditions, despite the presence of a positive alternative (i.e., positive sounds). No difference in frequency of selecting the aversive sounds was observed between the anger and neutral condition. Neither history of NSSI nor negative urgency moderated the effect of condition on self-administered aversive stimuli. The current results tentatively support a causal and specific link between boredom and NSSI, and warrant further examination of the role of boredom in maladaptive behaviors such as NSSI.</p>
<p><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11031-023-10053-y?error=cookies_not_supported&code=0b6a36a8-e77b-4d3d-bb06-17a8e636f97d" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s11031-023-10053-y/">Sounds boring: the causal effect of boredom on self-administration of aversive stimuli in the presence of a positive alternative</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
Please mute or block this robot if the large volume of psychology & health research-related posts irritates you.
.
This bot will be put back on limited status on Tues April 9th. Distributing it more widely for a few days so people can see and decide if they want to follow it.
DATE:
April 09, 2024 at 04:58PM
.
TITLE:
‘I believe in the value of social work’: launch editor looks back as Community Care turns 50
.
URL: https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/history/i-believe-in-the-value-of-social-work-launch-editor-looks-back-as-community-care-turns-50-2/
.
<p>This is the first in a series of interviews celebrating Community Care’s 50th anniversary. We will be speaking to key figures who have shaped the last 50 years in social work and those who will shape it in the years to come.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/history/i-believe-in-the-value-of-social-work-launch-editor-looks-back-as-community-care-turns-50-2/">‘I believe in the value of social work’: launch editor looks back as Community Care turns 50</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
Please mute or block this robot if the large volume of psychology & health research-related posts irritates you.
.
This bot will be put back on limited status on Tues April 9th. Distributing it more widely for a few days so people can see and decide if they want to follow it.
DATE:
April 09, 2024 at 04:56PM
.
TITLE:
Interplay of intrinsic motivation and well-being at school
.
URL: https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s11031-024-10057-2/
.
<h3 class="a-plus-plus">Abstract</h3>
<p class="a-plus-plus">Feeling well at school is crucial for both young people’s healthy self-development and their intrinsic learning motivation. Both concepts, subjective well-being and intrinsic motivation, are central to self-determination theory, but their reciprocal relationship is not studied very well. We hypothesized that the concepts affect each other directly: Students who are intrinsically motivated feel well at school due to positive emotions and the strive for understanding the learning content, which is an intrinsic motivation immanent. Beyond, students who feel well at school are intrinsically motivated, because subjective well-being represents an intrinsic value of the learning situation. This hypothesis is tested using a sample of 773 secondary school students (mean age: 12.7 years, SD = 1.8), who were answering questionnaires at the beginning (T1), at mid (T2) and at the end (T3) of a school year. The data were analyzed using a cross-lagged panel model. The results gave evidence on cross-lagged effects and an indirect effect from subjective well-being to intrinsic motivation to subjective well-being.</p>
<p><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11031-024-10057-2?error=cookies_not_supported&code=45bbf272-96ff-4f12-8546-e36745ebc537" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s11031-024-10057-2/">Interplay of intrinsic motivation and well-being at school</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
Please mute or block this robot if the large volume of psychology & health research-related posts irritates you.
.
This bot will be put back on limited status on Tues April 9th. Distributing it more widely for a few days so people can see and decide if they want to follow it.
DATE:
April 09, 2024 at 04:23PM
.
TITLE:
Basic psychological needs as an explanation of body image and eating pathways to adolescent adjustment: a prospective study testing an integrated self-determination theory model
.
URL: https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s11031-024-10063-4/
.
<h3 class="a-plus-plus">Abstract</h3>
<p class="a-plus-plus">Body image and eating regulations are important determinants of adolescent adjustment. Self-determination theory suggested basic psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, relatedness, and competence) as explanations for body image and eating disturbances, yet longitudinal research has been lacking. This research tests the implications of need experiences longitudinally among a Chinese adolescent sample (baseline <em class="a-plus-plus">N</em> = 2566, 54.05% female, <em class="a-plus-plus">M</em><sub class="a-plus-plus">age</sub> = 13.80, <em class="a-plus-plus">SD</em> = 1.56) using four-wave data spanning 18 months. Results from panel models showed that parental autonomy support vs. psychological control predicted changes in basic psychological needs satisfaction vs. frustration, which subsequently predicted changes in body image inflexibility, which then predicted changes in eating dysregulation and psychological adjustment. The “bright side” (need support and satisfaction) indirectly predicted improved adolescent outcomes, while the “dark side” (need frustration) indirectly predicted worsened outcomes, although the indirect effects of parental control was non-significant. Overall, the current findings support body image concerns as a need substitute pathway leading to adolescents’ compensatory behavior and maladjustment.</p>
<p><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11031-024-10063-4?error=cookies_not_supported&code=df875b00-59fe-491b-ae00-0002255dc6bd" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s11031-024-10063-4/">Basic psychological needs as an explanation of body image and eating pathways to adolescent adjustment: a prospective study testing an integrated self-determination theory model</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
Please mute or block this robot if the large volume of psychology & health research-related posts irritates you.
.
This bot will be put back on limited status on Tues April 9th. Distributing it more widely for a few days so people can see and decide if they want to follow it.
DATE:
April 09, 2024 at 03:44PM
.
TITLE:
Seizing and freezing to life outcomes: Need for cognitive closure intensifies affective reactions to major events
.
URL: https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s11031-024-10058-1/
.
<h3 class="a-plus-plus">Abstract</h3>
<p class="a-plus-plus">Research shows that significant well-being disparities emerge between individuals who experience major negative events and those who undergo major positive events. However, such differences may vary among individuals. Drawing from the theory of the need for cognitive closure (NFC), we theorize and test whether NFC, which captures seizing and freezing on salient information to reach a fast conclusion, intensifies the differences in affective well-being between those who experience negative or positive events. Across three studies (total <em class="a-plus-plus">N</em> = 2,399), we provide converging evidence that supports our theoretical claim. We first found that participants with high (vs. low) NFC show a greater affective well-being gap between those who recalled their past negative and positive major events (Study 1). We also discovered consistent patterns when participants were provided with negative or positive major event scenarios (Study 2). Lastly, we further substantiated our findings by utilizing a longitudinal study of the 20th presidential election in South Korea (Study 3). Over a 6-week period, the well-being gaps between the supporters of the election winner and the runner-up were more pronounced among individuals with higher NFC. Overall, our findings have implications for identifying a novel psychological trait that influences the affective well-being gaps following significant events in one’s life.</p>
<p><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11031-024-10058-1?error=cookies_not_supported&code=590292f9-28a6-4265-b330-3e20d12ba8db" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s11031-024-10058-1/">Seizing and freezing to life outcomes: Need for cognitive closure intensifies affective reactions to major events</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
Please mute or block this robot if the large volume of psychology & health research-related posts irritates you.
.
This bot will be put back on limited status on Tues April 9th. Distributing it more widely for a few days so people can see and decide if they want to follow it.
DATE:
April 09, 2024 at 03:42PM
.
TITLE:
The Right is Prepared For This Moment. Are We?
.
URL: https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/news/the-right-is-prepared-for-this-moment-are-we/
.
<p>So what do we do? How do we fight back? We asked some of the smartest people we know.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/news/the-right-is-prepared-for-this-moment-are-we/">The Right is Prepared For This Moment. Are We?</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
Please mute or block this robot if the large volume of psychology & health research-related posts irritates you.
.
This bot will be put back on limited status on Tues April 9th. Distributing it more widely for a few days so people can see and decide if they want to follow it.
DATE:
April 09, 2024 at 03:14PM
.
TITLE:
A deep dive into the genetics of alcohol consumption
.
URL: https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/news/a-deep-dive-into-the-genetics-of-alcohol-consumption/
.
<p>She said their study opens numerous doors for future research, chasing down possible connections between the alcohol-protective alleles and conditions that have no apparent connection with alcohol consumption. “Understanding the underlying mechanisms of these effects could have implications for treatments and preventative medicine,” Sanchez-Roige noted.</p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/news/a-deep-dive-into-the-genetics-of-alcohol-consumption/">A deep dive into the genetics of alcohol consumption</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
Please mute or block this robot if the large volume of psychology & health research-related posts irritates you.
.
This bot will be put back on limited status on Tues April 9th. Distributing it more widely for a few days so people can see and decide if they want to follow it.
DATE:
April 09, 2024 at 02:57PM
.
TITLE:
School Absenteeism and Child Mental Health: A Mixed-Methods Study of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms
.
URL: https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s12310-024-09640-2/
.
<h3 class="a-plus-plus">Abstract</h3>
<p class="a-plus-plus">School absenteeism among children and adolescents has been associated with a myriad of adverse outcomes. Despite a substantial amount of research on school attendance, our understanding of absenteeism in elementary-aged children with mental health difficulties is limited. The current study used a mixed-method sequential explanatory design to gain a better understanding of the links between children’s mental health symptoms, age, gender and school absenteeism. The study included two phases: Phase I presented a quantitative investigation of the links between absenteeism and mental health symptoms in a large sample (<em class="a-plus-plus">N</em> = 750) of primarily White (74%) clinic-referred children aged 5–12 years. Phase II used a participant selection model and chart review design to garner a deeper understanding of how school absenteeism presents in children with mental health problems in the elementary years. Results suggested that internalizing symptoms were significantly related to school attendance problems, and this association worsens as children age and as internalizing symptoms increase in severity. Externalizing symptoms were associated with absenteeism as well, but these findings showed that school attendance problems were worse for younger children with low to moderate levels of externalizing symptoms. The qualitative chart review illustrates the complex interplay of school absenteeism and child mental health, particularly for children experiencing co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems. Children often struggled academically and socially, with some exhibiting increasing levels of school refusal and truancy and others displaying aggressive behaviors resulting in suspensions. Future studies that examine additional contextual factors, such as school and family variables, with longitudinal cross-lagged models and diverse families are needed to develop a comprehensive understanding of causal associations and their impact on children’s school attendance across children’s development.</p>
<p><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12310-024-09640-2?error=cookies_not_supported&code=13caa748-0c9c-4ecf-a019-6316136a2f24" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s12310-024-09640-2/">School Absenteeism and Child Mental Health: A Mixed-Methods Study of Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
Please mute or block this robot if the large volume of psychology & health research-related posts irritates you.
.
This bot will be put back on limited status on Tues April 9th. Distributing it more widely for a few days so people can see and decide if they want to follow it.
DATE:
April 09, 2024 at 01:56PM
.
TITLE:
Masculinity and Condom Use: Using a Rejection Sensitivity Framework to Understand Women’s Condom Negotiation in Mixed-Gender Sexual Encounters
.
URL: https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s11199-024-01452-7/
.
<h3 class="a-plus-plus">Abstract</h3>
<p class="a-plus-plus">Previous research has linked the masculine gender role with negative attitudes towards condoms and a lower likelihood of condom use. Expanding the construct of sexual rejection sensitivity, we propose that men’s greater precarious manhood beliefs will lead to greater condom rejection sensitivity, or anxiety about interpersonal rejection when negotiating condom use. Across two studies utilizing an undergraduate (Study 1; <em class="a-plus-plus">N</em> = 382) and an online adult sample (Study 2; <em class="a-plus-plus">N</em> = 347), cisgender men and women reported their precarious manhood beliefs (for women, their perception of their male partner’s precarious manhood beliefs), condom rejection sensitivity, sexual rejection sensitivity, condom use, and sexual satisfaction in their most recent mixed-gender sexual encounter. We examined the associations between these variables using path analyses separated by gender. Across both studies, we found that, for women, greater perceived precarious manhood beliefs about their partner significantly predicted greater condom rejection sensitivity, which predicted a lower likelihood of condom use. For men, greater endorsement of precarious manhood beliefs significantly predicted greater sexual rejection sensitivity, which predicted lower sexual satisfaction. For men, greater condom rejection sensitivity also predicted a lower likelihood of condom use. These findings add to the literature on the role of masculine gender role ideology in men’s and women’s sexual, romantic, and health outcomes, with particular importance for women’s condom negotiation and sexual health.</p>
<p><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-024-01452-7?error=cookies_not_supported&code=d44af4e5-6931-4f5a-ae27-e1df3756b644" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s11199-024-01452-7/">Masculinity and Condom Use: Using a Rejection Sensitivity Framework to Understand Women’s Condom Negotiation in Mixed-Gender Sexual Encounters</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
Please mute or block this robot if the large volume of psychology & health research-related posts irritates you.
.
This bot will be put back on limited status on Tues April 9th. Distributing it more widely for a few days so people can see and decide if they want to follow it.
DATE:
April 09, 2024 at 01:13PM
.
TITLE:
Development of a Virtual Human for Supporting Tobacco Cessation During the COVID-19 Pandemic
.
URL: https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/e42310/
.
<p>People who consume tobacco are at greater risk of developing severe COVID-19. Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic reduced the accessibility of tobacco cessation services as a result of necessary social restrictions. Innovations were urgently needed to support tobacco cessation during the pandemic. Virtual humans are artificially intelligent computer agents with a realistic, humanlike appearance. Virtual humans could be a scalable and engaging way to deliver tobacco cessation information and support. Florence, a virtual human health worker, was developed in collaboration with the World Health Organization to remotely support people toward tobacco cessation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Florence delivers evidence-based information, assists with making quit plans, and directs people to World Health Organization–recommended cessation services in their country. In this viewpoint, we describe the process of developing Florence. The development was influenced by a formative evaluation of data from 115 early users of Florence from 49 countries. In general, Florence was positively perceived; however, changes were requested to aspects of her design and content. In addition, areas for new content were identified (eg, for nonsmoker support persons). Virtual health workers could expand the reach of evidence-based tobacco cessation information and personalized support. However, as they are a new innovation in tobacco cessation, their efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability in this application needs to be evaluated, including in diverse populations.</p>
<p><a href="https://www.jmir.org/2023/1/e42310/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/open-access-journal-articles/e42310/">Development of a Virtual Human for Supporting Tobacco Cessation During the COVID-19 Pandemic</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
Please mute or block this robot if the large volume of psychology & health research-related posts irritates you.
.
This bot will be put back on limited status on Tues April 9th. Distributing it more widely for a few days so people can see and decide if they want to follow it.
DATE:
April 09, 2024 at 12:08PM
.
TITLE:
A meta-analytic review of the associations of personality, intelligence, and physical size with social status.
.
URL: https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/meta-analyses-systematic-reviews/bul0000416/
.
<p>Psychological Bulletin, Vol 150(3), Mar 2024, 253-283; doi:10.1037/bul0000416</p>
<p>Theories have proposed diverse reasons for why individual differences such as personality traits lead to social status attainment in face-to-face groups. We integrated these different theoretical standpoints into a model with four paths from individual differences to status: a dominance, a competence, a virtue, and a micropolitics path. To investigate these paths, we meta-analyzed over 100 years of research on bivariate associations of personality traits, cognitive abilities, and physical size with the attainment of status-related outcomes in face-to-face groups (1,064 effects from 276 samples including 56,153 participants). The status-related outcome variables were admiring respect, social influence, popularity (i.e., being liked by others), leadership emergence, and a mixture of outcome variables. The meta-analytic correlations we found were largely in line with the micropolitics path, tentatively in line with the competence and virtue paths, and only partly in line with the dominance path. These findings suggest that status attainment depends not only on the competence and virtue of an individual but also on how individuals can enhance their apparent competence or virtue by behaving assertively, by being extraverted, or through self-monitoring. We also investigated how the relations between individual differences and status-related outcomes were moderated by kind of status-related outcome, nature of the group task, culture (collectivism/individualism), and length of acquaintance. The moderation analysis yielded mixed and inconclusive results. The review ends with directions for research, such as the need to separately assess and study the different status-related outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)</p>
<p><a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/?internalerror=true" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/meta-analyses-systematic-reviews/bul0000416/">A meta-analytic review of the associations of personality, intelligence, and physical size with social status.</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>
Please mute or block this robot if the large volume of psychology & health research-related posts irritates you.
.
This bot will be put back on limited status on Tues April 9th. Distributing it more widely for a few days so people can see and decide if they want to follow it.
DATE:
April 09, 2024 at 11:56AM
.
TITLE:
Intersex in the USA’s Best-Selling Undergraduate Psychology Textbooks: Uneven Critique in an Ongoing Scientific and Ethical Crisis
.
URL: https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s11199-024-01456-3/
.
<h3 class="a-plus-plus">Abstract</h3>
<p class="a-plus-plus">The field of intersex studies is advancing and requires scholars to update their knowledge and representation of people with intersex variations. To examine how psychology students are taught about people with intersex variations, we reviewed best-selling USA psychology textbooks in introductory psychology (<em class="a-plus-plus">n</em> = 8), psychology of women and gender (<em class="a-plus-plus">n</em> = 5), human sexuality (<em class="a-plus-plus">n</em> = 4), and biological psychology (<em class="a-plus-plus">n</em> = 3). All textbooks indexed <em class="a-plus-plus">intersex</em> or cognate terms, with alternative terms (e.g., disorders of sex development) indexed less frequently. Intersex variations were described as emerging during the stages of sex development, and as challenging binary categories for sex. Several specific variations were commonly described as syndromes with little reference to psychological research or lived experiences. Women and girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) were most clearly framed as “natural experiments” about how nature and nurture intersect. Diverse sex development involving 46 XY genotypes tended to be described as <em class="a-plus-plus">difference</em> from norms for male endosex development. However, two textbooks included lengthy narratives of people’s lived experiences as intersex, and photographs of intersex-identified individuals were common. Photo images of the South African athlete Caster Semenya depicted more of her body than did the photo images of other intersex-identified individuals. The textbooks generally included critical reflection on the assumptions of a gender binary, and on the attribution of <em class="a-plus-plus">ambiguity</em> to others’ bodies, genetic determinism, the medical gaze, and the sex testing of athletes. We consider how information in these textbooks can shape the representation of intersex among psychology students, and how it may be used to develop more humanizing representations of intersex across all psychology textbooks.</p>
<p><a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-024-01456-3?error=cookies_not_supported&code=3c65e91a-0379-491d-91f1-bd409cba7232" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Read the full article ›</a></p>
<p>The post <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu/2024/journal-article-abstracts/s11199-024-01456-3/">Intersex in the USA’s Best-Selling Undergraduate Psychology Textbooks: Uneven Critique in an Ongoing Scientific and Ethical Crisis</a> was curated by <a href="https://ifp.nyu.edu">information for practice</a>.</p>